Electric Motor(AC)

Definition:-

"An electric device that converts an AC electric source into mechanical energy is known as AC electric motor"

The device that converts Electrical energy into mechanical energy for our use, we called that device electric motor.

Explanation:-

The above diagram is of ac motor that converts an ac source into mechanical energy. The problem we face in ac motor is that, ac current changes its direction after half cycle. So it is not possible for conducting coil to move in one direction for complete cycle of  ac current. To overcome this problem, we use split rings instead of commutator, so that we could reverse the direction of current. and coil could move in one direction.

Construction:-

It consists of,

1.Magnet

2.Conducting loop

3.Split rings

4.Carbon brushes

5.Ac source

Working:-

AC motor works on the same principle, as DC motor works. When we connect ac current source to the carbon brushes then through split rings current starts to flow through the wire( or conducting loop) so because there is also magnet field through wire and now current flowing through it, So according to Fleming's left hand rule, the coil will start to move. When ac current will change its direction split rings will change their direction and so coil will get same directed current and coil will move in one direction.

Electrical Motor(DC)

Definition:

"Electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy"
The device which converts electrical energy into other form of energy which is mechanical energy so that we can take benefit from it.

Types of Motor:

There are two basic types of electric motor:-

1.DC motor

2.AC motor

 

DC motor Explanation:

The motor which converts DC power to the mechanical energy or power is known as dc motor.

Above diagram is of dc motor. It consists of a magnet, armature or conducting loops, carbon brushes, commutator, dc source or battery.

Working:-

When we connect the battery with the carbon brushes than through commutator they cause the current to flow through loops, as on the other hand there is also magnetic field from north to south so as we have studied Fleming's left hand rule(will explain below), the loops will move upward from one side and will move downward from other side. When this current carrying conductor(conducting loops) will change position at 90 degree than again according to the Fleming's rule this loop will move as it is going. So that how it works. other end of loop would be connected with the object to whom we want to provide mechanical energy. 

Fleming's Left hand rule:-

This rule states that" hold your left hand and tied your 1st finger, 2nd finger and thumb in such a way that they each other become perpendicular(Right angle) to each other. now if first finger is the direction of magnetic field and 2nd finger represent the current flowing through coil, then thumb will represent the force acting on it."