Inductor, Inductance, explanation, formula

Definition:-

"Inductor is an electronic device that is use to store energy in the form of magnetic field."

Explanation:-

Inductor store energy in magnetic field around it. Inductor is an coil of a conductor(wire). wire wounding on some rod or magnet. when a current passes through the conductor then there will be magnetic field around the wire. We wound the wire because by winding there would produce a strong magnetic field around this, we could increase the strength of  magnetic field around coil by taking efficient core like magnet and by increasing number of turns of coil and increasing cross sectional area of inductor. When current flows through the inductor there would produce magnetic field around it and in that magnetic field energy would be store (in the form electrons). It would be store until current is flowing through it. When current will stop it will release all the energy.

Inductor does not allow AC current to flow through it due its changing direction nature. While inductor resist to change in current so it becomes open in a circuit while AC current flows through the circuit. It allows DC current to flow through it. After charging completely it allows DC to flow through the circuit hence become short in circuit with zero resistance.

Inductance:-

Inductance is the property of a inductor which is that "whenever Flux is changed in it, it produces an EMF."

or in simple words

Inductance is the ability of an inductor to store energy in the form magnetic field.

Henry is the unit of Inductance.

Formula:

formula for inductance of inductor is,

Capacitor, definition, formula, explanation, Capacitance

Definition:-

"Capacitor is an electrical device which is used to store energy or charges between its plates."

Explanation:-

Capacitor is use to store charge so that we could use it later by discharging it. It stores electrical charge between its parallel plates which are known as conducting plates of capacitor. There is no connection between these conducting parallel plates. They are separated by air or some dielectric. We use dielectric in capacitor to increase its efficiency. By using dielectric we could store more charge between its plates.

Capacitor doesn't allow dc current to flow through it because DC current flows only in one direction. so, it after charging from dc current it allows to flow through it as there is nothing in the circuit.

While it allows AC current to flow through it because ac current changes its direction after half interval, so capacitor charges at first half and discharges at 2nd half.

Capacitance:-

Capacitance is the ability of a capacitor to store charge. Capacitance tells us that how much charge we can store between the plates of capacitor. Capacitance is the unit of capacitor in one way. While capacitance has unit Farad. Farad is define as,

"When there will be 1 volts across capacitor then it will charge one coulomb, its mean capacitor have one farad capacitance."

Formula:-

By seeing definition of farad we could write formula for the capacitance of capacitor,

Q = CV

C = Q/V

Power, its definition, explanation, formula, unit

Definition:-

"Power is define as rate of doing work or Work done per unit time."

Explanation:-

Power is the doing some work, taking less time. Power depends upon doing work and time taken to complete the work. A person have more power will do more work but take less time and person have less power will do less work but will take more time. So this is the concept of power. Work does not depend upon time while power depends upon. so this is the only difference between them.

Formula:-

The formula for power is work done per unit time.

Power = Work / time

as work is equal to 

work = F.d

so power would have,

Power = Force.displacement / time

P = F.d / t

Unit:-

Unit of power Watt  is define as " If one joule of work is done in one second then power will be one watt"

P = F.d / t

Watt= Newton. meter / seconds

Watt = joule / second.

Why like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other?

Why like charges repel each other?

"Like charges repel each other because, it depends upon where the two charges have their electric field forces directed."

As positive charge have electric field lines going away from it and when two positive charge particles come near to each other there electric field lines tries to bend each other and their lines of forces are opposite in direction with respect to each other so both particles tries to send away to each other and hence in this way they repels each other.

Below diagram explain all the things which is described above.

Why unlike charges attract each other?

Like charges attract each other because their electric field lines are in the same direction in respective to each other, as we know Negative charge have electric field lines towards it(or coming to each other), and positive charge have away from it or going away from it. so when both comes near to each other, while negative charge tries to attract positive charge and positive charge tries to move towards negative each other.

Below picture explain all the phenomena describe above.

Electric Fields lines and Forces

Electric Fields:-

"Electric Fields are the area or space or region around a body or particle which is charged, in which area it effects(attracts or repel) on other body or particle which is charged."

Explanation:-

Consider their is a charged particle A, it has Electric fields lines, because it is charged. When a unit positive charge(small charge) will come into its field lines then it will feel some force, which is the effect of Charged particle A. It will repel the unit charge (as positive and positive repel each other).

The unit positive charge will only feel this force when it will come into the region where there is Electric field lines of Particle A.

In above diagram unit charge 1 will feel force as it is in the field region of charged particle A, but 2 will not feel any force as it is out of field lines of charged particle A. 

Electric Forces:-

"The force which charged unit positive charge feel when it is in the electric field lines of charged particle (A)."

Explanation:-

As Charged particle have electric field region where it exerts some force on some other charged particle (when it comes in the electric field of that charge). There are two type of forces which is exert by the charged particle in its field region. Attractive force and Repulsive force. Positive charge exert repulsive force on other positive charged while it exert attractive force on negative charge. In general there is attractive forces in opposite charges and there is repulsive force in between like charges.  

In below pic A is positive charge and it is repelling other positive charge.

In below pic, A is positive charge which is attracting negative charge.

Waves and types of waves

Definition:-

"Wave is the transfer of energy from one place to another place without the transfer of matter or body."

Explanation:-

Wave only transfer energy or disturbance from one place to another place with transfer of matter, they travels through some medium.

The above shown diagram is of wave. As seen that there also some parts of  waves. Crest and Trough.

The highest point of wave is known as crest and lowest part is known as tough, while rest position is the middle position.

Examples:-

1.When you throw the stone in the lake, then waves starts to travel arround the hit point of stone on water. these waves carries some energy, when you will put your finger in these waves you will some force.

2.Wind(Air flowing) is a kind of waves they can move away papers like stuff means carry some energy.

3. You speak, your voice travels to the other in the form of waves, as they feel sound means your voice has energy.

Types of Waves:-

there are three basics types of waves:-

1.Mechanical Waves act as the propagation of a disturbance through a material medium due to the repeated periodic motion of the particles of the medium about their mean positions, the disturbance being handed over from one particle to the next.

2.Electromagnetic Waves are the disturbance, which does not require any material medium for its propagation and can travel even through vacuum. They are caused due to varying electric and magnetic fields.

3.Matter Waves are the waves produced in electrons and particles

Transformer, Definition, Explanation, working, construction, types

Definition:-

"Transformer is an electrical device that converts low voltage into high voltage or high voltage into low voltage."

Explanation:-

Transform the current or voltage, it is used to get high voltage when input is of low voltage and to get low voltage from high voltage.

Transform works on the principal of Mutual Induction, according to which "When alternating current flows through one winding of coil, due changing nature of ac current, there produce an emf across winding and magnetic flux around winding. When another winding of coil comes near the first winding, there is effect of magnetic flux of first winding on second winding and due to AC current as it changes continuously produces changing magnetic flux of first winding and due to this change there causes the EMF in second winding and hence current starts to flow through second winding, so this process is known as mutual Inductance". Transformer works on this principle. As there is no connection between two coils(we just bring the second nearer to the first), the current transfer will be very small as compared to first. So we use Core to link these two winding, because of this current loss is so small.

Construction:-

 It consists of following,

1.Primary coil

2.Secondary coil

3.Core

4.AC current source

Working:-

Whenever we supplies ac current to primary coil then due to changing nature of ac current there produces change in magnetic flux around this winding. And due to this changing current starts to flow through core and reached to the secondary winding and through this secondary winding goes to external circuit, When we need to change low voltage to high voltage then we have to increase the winding of secondary coil. This type of transformer is known as Step up Transformer. If we want to change the high voltage into low voltage, than we have to decrease the winding of secondary coil. This type of transformer is known as Step down Transformer.

AC Generator

Definition:-

"The machine which is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy(AC current) is known as AC Generator"

Explanation:-

The device which gives us AC current(Electrical energy) by taking mechanical energy from any source(could be us) is known as Ac generator. Its construction is similar to dc generator and its working is also same almost. 

The above shown diagram is of AC generator. our need is to get the current which changes its direction after every half cycle, so to get this we need to get the current from one slip ring for one half and for other slip ring for the second half. Slip rings are connected at different ends of closed circuit. where load is connected. So that load will get Ac current.

Construction:-

It consists of following parts:-

1.Magnet

2.Slip Rings or Commutator

3.Conducting Coil or Armature

4.Carbon brushes

5. Load  

Working:-

According to the Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction, whenever a conducting coil is move or rotates across magnetic field emf produces in it and due to this, current starts to flow through it. So in this generator when coil will move by some mechanical force across magnetic field of magnet, then there will produce an EMF and because of this, current will start to flow through it(if coil path is closed or connected to other circuit). Direction of current will be according to Fleming's right hand rule. 

As shown in this diagram, For first half rotation of coil the current will go to the load form one slip ring and for 2nd half rotation of coil the current will go from the other slip rings to the load so it is giving ac current to the load as it is changing its direction after every half cycle.

Generator(DC)

Definition:-

"The device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is known as Generator."

Explanation:-

Generator use to produce electrical energy from mechanical energy for our purpose.

Above shown diagram is of DC generator, its construction is same as Electric motor(DC), the difference is that from where we give input in input, from there we get output from generator. the mechanical energy could of any type. for example moving pivot with your hand and by some other source.

Construction:-

It consists of:-

1.Magnet

2.Conducting Coil loop

3.Commutator

4.Carbon brushes

5.Battery

Working:-

According to Faraday's law, whenever a conducting coil will move across magnetic field then there will produce an EMF, and due to this, current will start to flow through coil (if path is closed). the direction of current will be according to Fleming's Right hand rule(Described below). Then this current will go through commutator and through carbon brushes it will go through battery and will charge. That its simple working!

Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction:-

This law state's that" whenever a conducting coil is move across the magnetic field of magnet, then EMF will produce in coil and current will start to flow through it" Current direction would be according to Fleming right hand rule.

Fleming's Right hand rule:-

According to this law "Straighten your thumb, fore finger and middle finger so that they become perpendicular to each other(right angle to each other) and then your thumb will represent the coil, your fore finger will represent the magnetic field and your middle finger will represent the direction of current flow."

Electric Motor(AC)

Definition:-

"An electric device that converts an AC electric source into mechanical energy is known as AC electric motor"

The device that converts Electrical energy into mechanical energy for our use, we called that device electric motor.

Explanation:-

The above diagram is of ac motor that converts an ac source into mechanical energy. The problem we face in ac motor is that, ac current changes its direction after half cycle. So it is not possible for conducting coil to move in one direction for complete cycle of  ac current. To overcome this problem, we use split rings instead of commutator, so that we could reverse the direction of current. and coil could move in one direction.

Construction:-

It consists of,

1.Magnet

2.Conducting loop

3.Split rings

4.Carbon brushes

5.Ac source

Working:-

AC motor works on the same principle, as DC motor works. When we connect ac current source to the carbon brushes then through split rings current starts to flow through the wire( or conducting loop) so because there is also magnet field through wire and now current flowing through it, So according to Fleming's left hand rule, the coil will start to move. When ac current will change its direction split rings will change their direction and so coil will get same directed current and coil will move in one direction.

Centripetal force

Definition:

"Centripetal force is a force, which keeps a body moving in a circular path and that force acting towards the center of that circular path."

Explanation:

A body never automatically or itself moves in a circular path it, there is always a reason or some force that causes it to move in a circular path and that force in general is known as a centripetal force. and that force is always directed towards  center. it means force is from the center of circular path that causes it to move in a circular path.

Example:

You tries to move a string in a circular path. one end of it is in your hand and other is tied with a stone. and consider that stone is a body. you provide force from your hand which is at the center of circular path in which stone(body) is moving.

Formula:

 

This equation shows that force depends on the mass of body and the velocity by which it is moving in path and the distance(r) between the center of circular path and body.

What is motion? Types of motion

Motion:-

When a body does not change its position with time it is said that it is in rest but when it changes it is called that body is in motion.

Types of Motion:-

There are few basic types of motion:

1. Translational motion

2. Rotational motion

3. Random motion

4. Circular motion

Translational:-

A body covering some distance while moving whether it is on straight line or curved line, but distance covering is necessary. it is known as translational motion.

i.e. You driving a car towards your destination the road sometimes will not be straight turns will come but you will cover distance.

Rotational:-

A body moving on its axis and its all parts have different directions. no matter in which direction it moves but move on its axis is known as rotational motion.

i.e. A beblayde moving on its axis, a fan blades moving.

Random Motion:

When a body moves randomly, it is known as random motion.
Random motion means when body doesn't follow a specific path just a zig zag type path to move then this movement is known as random motion.

i.e. Fly, Mosquitoes etc,  flying around you randomly is an example of random motion.

Circular Motion:

When a body moves in a circular path, it is known as circular motion.

it is simple type of motion when body moves in a closed circular path it is known as circular motion.

i.e. a racing car moving on a circular racing track.

Linked list

Linked list

Definition:

a linked list is a linear collection of data elements, in which linear order is not given by their physical placement in memory. Each pointing to the next node by means of a pointer. It is a data structure consisting of a group of nodes which together represent a sequence

Explanation:

A linked list is a linear data structure where each element is a separate object.

Each element of a list is comprising of two items - the data and a reference to the next node. The last node has a reference to null. The entry point into a linked list is called the head of the list. It should be noted that head is not a separate node, but the reference to the first node. If the list is empty then the head is a null reference.

A linked list is a dynamic data structure. The number of nodes in a list is not fixed and can grow and shrink on demand. Any application which has to deal with an unknown number of objects will need to use a linked list.

There are some figures below to explain Linked list.

laws of motion. explanation

There are 3 laws of motion. It is described(invented) by Newton.
They're:

1.First law of motion (law of inertia)

"An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force"

Explanation:

It means that a body in rest condition, will remain in rest until a force will act, whether is the Force by human, air or from anywhere.

 Example:

 A book will remain on table unless you will pick it or it is blow away by some wind. And body will remain in motion unless some force will stop it. I.e. A car will never stop until you break it.

2. Second law of motion

" Acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables - the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object."

Explanation:

It means that if a body has change in its velocity(speed) or position, then its depend upon the total force acting upon him and the mass of the body. It is also known as law of inertia. Having low mass will demand less force for change in its speed.

Example:

If you will apply same force on car and then truck. Car will have more acceleration than truck because car have less mass with respect to the truck.

Formula:

acceleration = Force/mass (a=F/m)

                                        F= a.m

Third law of motion:-

"For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction."

Explanation:-

Its means that if there will be action from some body to other body, there is always a re-action from other body equal in force but opposite in direction.

Example:-

If you throw the tennis ball to the wall then ball will return back to you with same speed. You throw the ball it is an action the ball returns it is an reaction and in opposite direction. 

What is Physics?

First of all you have to know about  definition of physics and then break down of it.

Definition:

"The branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy."

Physics is the branch of science which is concerned with matter and energy. It is the study of thier behaviour in different conditions and forms.
Through physics knowledge many laws has been introduced, because of it we can solve related problems easily.

What is Science?

First of all the definition of Science should be understand, then break down of every line will be good.

Definition:

"knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method."

Now explanation of it:

Means, science is a knowledge base on true things or logic. It also have some general laws which comes from experiments done by scientist. And these laws satisfies in every related problem.