Transformer, Definition, Explanation, working, construction, types

Definition:-

"Transformer is an electrical device that converts low voltage into high voltage or high voltage into low voltage."

Explanation:-

Transform the current or voltage, it is used to get high voltage when input is of low voltage and to get low voltage from high voltage.

Transform works on the principal of Mutual Induction, according to which "When alternating current flows through one winding of coil, due changing nature of ac current, there produce an emf across winding and magnetic flux around winding. When another winding of coil comes near the first winding, there is effect of magnetic flux of first winding on second winding and due to AC current as it changes continuously produces changing magnetic flux of first winding and due to this change there causes the EMF in second winding and hence current starts to flow through second winding, so this process is known as mutual Inductance". Transformer works on this principle. As there is no connection between two coils(we just bring the second nearer to the first), the current transfer will be very small as compared to first. So we use Core to link these two winding, because of this current loss is so small.

Construction:-

 It consists of following,

1.Primary coil

2.Secondary coil

3.Core

4.AC current source

Working:-

Whenever we supplies ac current to primary coil then due to changing nature of ac current there produces change in magnetic flux around this winding. And due to this changing current starts to flow through core and reached to the secondary winding and through this secondary winding goes to external circuit, When we need to change low voltage to high voltage then we have to increase the winding of secondary coil. This type of transformer is known as Step up Transformer. If we want to change the high voltage into low voltage, than we have to decrease the winding of secondary coil. This type of transformer is known as Step down Transformer.